Public domain
Every design page says whether the stamp’s artwork is in the public domain: Yes, No, or Unclear. The line is about the design printed on the stamp, not about the scan shown above it.
The answer is worked out when the page is built, from the issuing country and the year of issue. Some countries treat a stamp as an official sign of the state, which their copyright law leaves unprotected, so every stamp is public domain whatever its date. Others give the post office a fixed term, most often 50 years from the end of the year of issue, after which the design is free. Others treat a stamp as an ordinary work of art, protected until 70 years after the designer or engraver died; for those the archive needs a credited designer with a known death year, and answers Unclear until it has one.
Where Commons has no ruling on a country’s stamps, or calls its law disputed, the archive reads the country’s general copyright law instead: the term after the designer’s death, the term for an anonymous work, and the term for works of the state. Those answers are Likely yes or Likely no, given only when every reading that could apply agrees. Unclear covers the rest: readings that disagree, records with no country or no year, and decade-only records whose decade straddles a cutoff. A cataloger can set the status by hand for a known exception, and the page then shows that value.
We have attempted to source a public account of stamp copyright, country by country, with citations to each law. This is not legal advice. It is the archive’s reading of the country-by-country notes kept by Wikimedia Commons and other sources, which can be wrong, out of date, or silent on a particular stamp. Before using a stamp’s artwork, especially commercially, consult a lawyer qualified in your jurisdiction; copyright is national, and a design that is free in one country may be protected in another. Nothing here covers the scan or photograph on a design page, which is the archive’s own work or carries its own attribution.
When a stamp counts as a government work
A stamp is made for the state, but that alone does not put it in the public domain. Some countries leave official signs of the state unprotected and count stamps among them; Albania treats a stamp as a means of payment, so every Albanian stamp is free. Others give the government a fixed term: Crown copyright in Canada, and in the United Kingdom until October 1969, runs 50 years from the end of the year of issue. Germany treats a stamp as an ordinary work of art, protected until 70 years after its designer died.
Who runs the post office matters. American stamps issued before January 1, 1978 are works of the federal government; since then the United States Postal Service has held the copyright. When a post office stops being a government department and becomes a company, as the United Kingdom’s did in 1969 and Malaysia’s in 1992, the stamps it issues afterward are no longer plain government works.
Read from Wikimedia Commons, revision 1198039080. A country the archive has no rule for answers Unclear on every design page.
Wikimedia Commons, the source of every rule hereOpen the index
